Supported Locales
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The set of supported locales varies between different implementations of the Java 2 platform as well as between different areas of functionality.
This page documents locale support in Sun's Java 2 Software Development Kit, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 (J2SDK), and Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 (J2RE) in the following areas:
The support for locale-sensitive behavior in the java.util and java.text packages is almost entirely platform independent, so all locales are supported in the same way and simultaneously, independent of the host operating system and its localization. The only platform dependent functionality is the setting of the initial default locale and the initial default time zone based on the host operating system's locale and time zone.
Sun's Java 2 Software Development Kit, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 and the international version of the Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 support all locales shown below. The US-only version of the Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 supports only the English/United States locale.
Locales whose IDs end with "_EURO" are variant locales that use the Euro currency symbol.
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Language |
Country |
Locale ID |
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Arabic |
Saudi Arabia |
ar_SA |
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Chinese (Simplified) |
China |
zh_CN |
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Chinese (Traditional) |
Taiwan |
zh_TW |
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English |
United States |
en_US |
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French |
France |
fr_FR |
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French |
France |
fr_FR_EURO |
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German |
Germany |
de_DE |
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German |
Germany |
de_DE_EURO |
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Hebrew |
Israel |
iw_IL |
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Italian |
Italy |
it_IT |
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Italian |
Italy |
it_IT_EURO |
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Japanese |
Japan |
ja_JP |
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Korean |
South Korea |
ko_KR |
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Spanish |
Spain |
es_ES |
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Spanish |
Spain |
es_ES_EURO |
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Swedish |
Sweden |
sv_SE |
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Language |
Country |
Locale ID |
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Albanian |
Albania |
sq_AL |
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Arabic |
Algeria |
ar_DZ |
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Arabic |
Bahrain |
ar_BH |
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Arabic |
Egypt |
ar_EG |
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Arabic |
Iraq |
ar_IQ |
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Arabic |
Jordan |
ar_JO |
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Arabic |
Kuwait |
ar_KW |
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Arabic |
Lebanon |
ar_LB |
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Arabic |
Libya |
ar_LY |
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Arabic |
Morocco |
ar_MA |
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Arabic |
Oman |
ar_OM |
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Arabic |
Qatar |
ar_QA |
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Arabic |
Sudan |
ar_SD |
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Arabic |
Syria |
ar_SY |
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Arabic |
Tunisia |
ar_TN |
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Arabic |
United Arab Emirates |
ar_AE |
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Arabic |
Yemen |
ar_YE |
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Bulgarian |
Bulgaria |
bg_BG |
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Belorussian |
Belorussia |
be_BY |
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Catalan |
Spain |
ca_ES |
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Catalan |
Spain |
ca_ES_EURO |
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Chinese |
Hong Kong |
zh_HK |
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Croatian |
Croatia |
hr_HR |
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Czech |
Czech Republic |
cs_CZ |
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Danish |
Denmark |
da_DK |
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Dutch |
Belgium |
nl_BE |
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Dutch |
Belgium |
nl_BE_EURO |
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Dutch |
Netherlands |
nl_NL |
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Dutch |
Netherlands |
nl_NL_EURO |
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English |
Australia |
en_AU |
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English |
Canada |
en_CA |
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English |
Ireland |
en_IE |
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English |
Ireland |
en_IE_EURO |
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English |
New Zealand |
en_NZ |
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English |
South Africa |
en_ZA |
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English |
United Kingdom |
en_GB |
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Estonian |
Estonia |
et_EE |
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Finnish |
Finland |
fi_FI |
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Finnish |
Finland |
fi_FI_EURO |
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French |
Belgium |
fr_BE |
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French |
Belgium |
fr_BE_EURO |
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French |
Canada |
fr_CA |
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French |
Luxembourg |
fr_LU |
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French |
Luxembourg |
fr_LU_EURO |
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French |
Switzerland |
fr_CH |
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German |
Austria |
de_AT |
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German |
Austria |
de_AT_EURO |
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German |
Luxembourg |
de_LU |
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German |
Luxembourg |
de_LU_EURO |
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German |
Switzerland |
de_CH |
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Greek |
Greece |
el_GR |
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Hungarian |
Hungary |
hu_HU |
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Icelandic |
Iceland |
is_IS |
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Italian |
Switzerland |
it_CH |
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Latvian |
Latvia |
lv_LV |
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Lithuanian |
Lithuania |
lt_LT |
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Macedonian |
Macedonia |
mk_MK |
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Norwegian (Bokmål) |
Norway |
no_NO |
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Norwegian (Nynorsk) |
Norway |
no_NO_NY |
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Polish |
Poland |
pl_PL |
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Portuguese |
Brazil |
pt_BR |
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Portuguese |
Portugal |
pt_PT |
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Portuguese |
Portugal |
pt_PT_EURO |
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Romanian |
Romania |
ro_RO |
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Russian |
Russia |
ru_RU |
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Serbian (Cyrillic) |
Yugoslavia |
sr_YU |
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Serbo-Croatian |
Yugoslavia |
sh_YU |
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Slovak |
Slovakia |
sk_SK |
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Slovenian |
Slovenia |
sl_SI |
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Spanish |
Argentina |
es_AR |
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Spanish |
Bolivia |
es_BO |
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Spanish |
Chile |
es_CL |
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Spanish |
Colombia |
es_CO |
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Spanish |
Costa Rica |
es_CR |
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Spanish |
Dominican Republic |
es_DO |
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Spanish |
Ecuador |
es_EC |
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Spanish |
El Salvador |
es_SV |
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Spanish |
Guatemala |
es_GT |
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Spanish |
Honduras |
es_HN |
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Spanish |
Mexico |
es_MX |
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Spanish |
Nicaragua |
es_NI |
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Spanish |
Panama |
es_PA |
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Spanish |
Paraguay |
es_PY |
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Spanish |
Peru |
es_PE |
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Spanish |
Puerto Rico |
es_PR |
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Spanish |
Uruguay |
es_UY |
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Spanish |
Venezuela |
es_VE |
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Turkish |
Turkey |
tr_TR |
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Ukrainian |
Ukraine |
uk_UA |
For the Java Foundation Classes (AWT, Swing, 2D, input method framework, drag and drop), locales can generally be characterized by just the writing system; there are no country or language specific distinctions. Writing system support in the JFC depends to some extent on the host operating system, and full support for simultaneous use of multiple languages is not always possible.
We consider a writing system supported by JFC if all functionality provided by JFC works adequately for this writing system in the following situations:
Sun's Java 2 Software Development Kit, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 and the international version of the Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 support all writing systems shown below. The US-only version of the Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1 supports only the Western European subset of the Latin writing system. Peered AWT components are only supported for a subset of the writing systems - see the last column.
Details on various areas of functionality are provided in the sections below.
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Writing System |
Languages |
Windows Code Page |
Solaris Encodings |
Linux Encodings |
Peered AWT Components |
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Arabic |
Arabic |
1256 |
8859-6 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Chinese (Simplified) |
Chinese |
936 |
gb2312, UTF-8, GBK |
GBK, gb2312 |
supported |
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Chinese (Traditional) |
Chinese |
950 |
cns11643, UTF-8 |
unsupported |
supported |
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Hebrew |
Hebrew |
1255 |
8859-8 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Japanese |
Japanese |
932 |
eucJP(1), UTF-8, PCK |
eucJP(1) |
supported |
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Korean |
Korean |
949 |
5601, UTF-8 |
unsupported |
supported |
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Latin - Western European subset |
English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, etc. |
1252 |
8859-1, 8859-15 |
8859-1 |
supported |
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Writing System |
Languages |
Windows Code Page |
Solaris Encodings |
Linux Encodings |
Peered AWT Components |
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Chinese (Traditional) |
Chinese |
(see above) |
BIG5 (additional) |
unsupported |
supported |
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Cyrillic |
Belorussian, Russian etc. |
1251 |
8859-5 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Greek |
Greek |
1253 |
8859-7 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Latin - Baltic subset |
Latvian, Lithuanian |
1257 |
8859-4, 8859-13 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Latin - Central European subset |
Czech, Hungarian, Polish, etc. |
1250 |
8859-2 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
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Latin - Turkic subset |
Turkish etc. |
1254 |
8859-9 |
unsupported |
unsupported |
Support for text input consists of two parts: interpretation of keyboard layouts, and text composition using input methods. For interpretation of keyboard layouts, the Java 2 platform relies entirely on the host operating system. For text composition using input methods, Java 2 platform supports native input methods using the host operating system's input method manager as well as input methods developed in the Java programming language.
Locale support in input methods implemented in the Java programming language depends solely on the set of installed input methods, not on the host operating system and its localization. However, support for the use of input methods implemented in the Java programming language with peered components is implementation dependent - see below.
Support for keyboard layouts and and native input methods varies between platforms.
On Windows 95, 98, ME, and NT, the J2RE supports use of any keyboard layout or IMM-based input method that can be installed into a particular localized version of the host operating system.
On Windows 2000, the J2RE supports use of any keyboard layout using a non-Unicode code page and of any IMM-based input method.
Global IME is not supported.
Input methods implemented in the Java programming language are supported in all components on all versions of Windows.
The J2RE supports use of any keyboard layout or input method that can be used with a particular Solaris locale.
Input methods implemented in the Java programming language are supported in lightweight components (such as Swing text components), but not in peered components (such as AWT text components).
Applications have two options for selecting fonts:
When using virtual font names, text in at least the writing system of the host locale and the Western European subset of the Latin writing system is supported.
When using real font names, we need to distinguish between simple and complex writing systems. Simple writing systems have a one-to-one mapping from characters to glyphs, and glyphs are placed on the baseline continuously from left to right. Complex writing systems may use different glyphs for the same character based on context, may for ligatures, may be written from right to left, and may reorder glyphs during line layout, or may have other rules for placing glyphs (in particular for combining marks).
The 2D text rendering system supports any combination of simple writing systems and the complex writing systems listed in the table above. Within these limitations, the range of supported writing systems is determined by the font. A single TrueType font might provide glyphs covering the entire Unicode character set and a Unicode based character-to-glyph mapping. Given such a font, 2D can support all simple writing systems as well as the complex writing systems shown in the table above. Other complex writing systems are not supported.
When using virtual font names, text in the writing system of the host operating system's locale is supported.
When using real font names, text in the writing system of the host operating system's locale is supported to the extent that the font provides glyphs for this writing system.
There are two separate printing APIs:
Text rendering using the 2D printing API works to the same extent as text rendering on the screen. Text rendering using the AWT printing API on Windows works to the same extent as text rendering on the screen. Text rendering using the AWT printing API on Solaris and Linux works only for the Western European subset of the Latin writing system and for Japanese.
The component orientation property is respected only by Swing components and layout managers, not by peered AWT components. It is independent of the host operating system. The following classes support component orientation:
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java.awt.BorderLayout |
javax.swing.JLayeredPane |
javax.swing.JSlider
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On Windows 95, 98, and ME, text in the writing system of the host operating system's localization can be transferred between applications.
On Windows NT and 2000, arbitrary Unicode text can be transferred between applications.
On Solaris and Linux, text in the character encoding of the host operating system's locale can be transferred between applications.
Applications that need to transfer arbitrary Unicode text independent of the host operating system, can do so using serialization: Create a Transferable which supports only one flavor: DataFlavor.stringFlavor. This flavor represents the serialized representation of a String. Make sure that the target supports stringFlavor as well. When the transfer occurs, the AWT will serialize out the String on one end and deserialize on the other. This is much slower than a native platform text transfer, but it will succeed where native transfers may not.
The user interface elements provided by the Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1, include Swing dialogs, messages written by the runtime environment to the standard output and standard error streams, as well as messages produced by the tools provided with the J2RE. These user interface elements are localized into the following languages:
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Language |
Locale ID |
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Chinese (Simplified) |
zh_CN |
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Chinese (Traditional) |
zh_TW |
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English |
en |
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French |
fr |
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German |
de |
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Italian |
it |
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Japanese |
ja |
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Korean |
ko |
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Spanish |
es |
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Swedish |
sv |
The user interface elements provided by the Java 2 Software Development Kit, Standard Edition, v. 1.3.1, include messages produced by the tools that are only part of the J2SDK in addition to the elements provided by the J2RE. The additional user interface elements are localized into the following languages:
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Language |
Locale ID |
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English |
en |
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Japanese |
ja |
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